Camera



Aug. 8, 1939. T. MCG AIKEN CAMERA Filed Feb. 11, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 19% Z MMWL Aug. 8, 1939. T. MCG. AIKEN CAMERA 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb.11, 1938 INVENTOR J MM Aug. 1939.

T; MCG. AIKEN CAMERA Filed Feb. 11, 1938 4 Sheets-sheet 3 j I] rMNVENTO? g- 8, 1939- T. MCG. AIKEN 2,168,893

CAMERA Filed Feb. 11, 1938 4 Shets-Sheet 4 -ua hen-Hm... A 1%:7123 I14 fINVEN'TOR mm 7 W Patented Aug. 8, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICECAMERA Thomas McG. Aiken, Pittsburgh, Pa. Application February 11,1938,Serial No. 189,997

13 Claim 5.

My invention relates to photographic apparatus and more particularly tocamera shutters of the type known in the trade as the compur shutter,although certain features of the inven- 5 tion may be employed withcamerashutters of other types.

In a compur shutter, a plurality of shutter blades are adapted to beactuated by a control ring which is operated either manually to obtaintime and bulb exposures or automatically to obtain instantaneous andautomatically timed exposures. Intricate and extremely delicatemechanism is incorporated in the shutter and many separate adjustmentsthereof are required to obtain any one of the three types of shutteroperations, namely, instantaneous, time or bulb exposures. Thisoperating mechanism may easily become deranged and inoperative,Furthermore, in this type of shutter, the interlocking arrangementbetween the automatic and the manual operating mechanism renders suchmechanism interdependent, thereby requiring care on the part of anoperator in operating the shutter.

One object of my invention is to provide a camera shutter which isoperative at all times to obtain instantaneous, time or bulb exposureswithout requiring preselection of the type of shutter operation desired.

Another object of my invention is to provide a pair of operating membersfor a shutter blade,

either of which may be actuated independently of the other to move theshutter blade to obtain an exposure. I

Another object of my invention is to provide a shutter of the type abovereferred to, of generally simplified and improved form having a minimummember of parts.

' A further object of my invention is 'to provide automatically. timedshutter-operating mechanism and manual shutter-operating mechanism,either of which may be operated independently of the other.

Still anotherobject of my invention is to provide means for effecting anextremely rapid cycle of shutter blade movement under instantaneousoperation. 1

Some of the forms which my invention may take are shown in the drawings,wherein Figure 1 is a fragmentary side elevational view of a camera withmy improved shutter applied thereto; Fig. 2 is a front view thereof;Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, but with the cover plate removed;Fig. 4 is a view taken on the line IV-IV of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a viewtaken on the line V-V ,(iii. of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a sectional viewsimilar to Fig.

' the usual rear lens (not shown).

5, but showing the shutter blades in open position; Fig. '7 is a view onan enlarged scale taken on the line VIIVII of Fig. 5; Fig. 8 is a frontface view of one of the shutter-operating rings; Fig. 9 is an edge viewthereof; Fig. 10 is a front face view of another shutter-operatingring;.Fig.

. 11 is an edge view thereof; Fig. 12 is a frag- XVI-XVI of Fig. 14;Fig. 17 is a view taken on the line XVII-XVII of Fig. 16; Fig. 18 is aviewsimilar to Fig. 3, but showing a modification; Fig. 19 is a view onan enlarged scale taken on the line X[XXIX of Fig. 18; Fig. 20 is a viewtaken on the line XX-'XX of Fig. 19, on a reduced scale," Fig. -21 is anenlarged view taken on the line XXI-XXI of Fig. 20; Fig. 22 is a planview of one of the shutter bladelinks of Fig. 20, and Fig. 23 is asectional view thereof.

A portion of a conventional form of camera is indicated by the numeral6, and is provided with a front plate I on which is mounted the camerashutter 8 and is provided with a front lens 9.

Referring to Figs. 3, 4 and 7, the shutter comprises a case ID ofcylindrical form, open at its front side and having a back wall H whichis centrally ape'rtured at l2. A lens holder I3 is secured to the backwall II for the reception of The lens holder I3 is adapted tobe attachedto the front plate I in any well-known manner. A supporting plate It ispositioned in the case I0 and is spaced from the rear wall ll of thecase by means of an annular rib l5 formed thereon. The plate It isprovided with a hub l6 which is centrally bored and in axial alignmentwith the aperture l2. The hub I6 is internally screw-threaded forreceiving the front lens 9;

A plurality of shutter blades I! are disposed between the wall of thecase iii-and the rear side of the plate I4, and are arranged normally toprevent the entry of light rays into the camera i. The shutter bladesare pivotally connected to a pair of shutter-operating members or ringsi8 and 19, which are journalled for rotative movement on a bearingportion 20 formed integrally on the rear side of the boss it of theplate i4.

.one of the pins 22. The other ring l9, which may be termed the innerring, is provided with a plurality of radial slots 24, the pins 22 andthe slots 24 being equally spaced in directions circumferentially of therings I8l9. Each of the blades H is provided with a pin 25 which extendsinto one of the slots 24. As shown more clearly in Figs.

; 6 and 7, the pins 22 and 25 of each blade arev radially ofiset, sothat the blades II can be swung to open and closed positions throughrelative shifting of the pins by movement of either of the rings i8-i9.I

The rings l8 and I9 are held in assembled relation by means of screws26, which are threaded into the plate I4, and which have their headsoverlying the edge of the inner ring 19, the screw heads merely havingabutting engagement with "the ring l9 so as to permit rotative movementof the ring I! relative to the ring l8. Likewise, the assembled rings l8and' I9 are held in position against the rear sideof the plate l4 bymeans of screws 21. that are threaded into the plate l4 and whose headsoverlie the edge of the ring l8.

With the parts thus far described in the position shown in Fig. 5, withthe shutter blades in closed position, it will be seen that if one ofthe rings |8|9 is held against rotation, the other ring may be turnedand thereby cause the shutter blades to be swung outwardly to openposition, as shown in Fig. 6. In this case, the pivotal connectionbetween the shutter blades-and the stationary ring is the axis ofturning movement of the. blades, which turning movement is eifectedthrough the points'oi connection of the blades with the other ring. Itis obvious that either ringfor the 'shutter'blades and in the otherinstance ter blades is dependent upon the rate of rotative the pins 25serving as the axes of turning movement for the shutter blades.Preferably the rings are rotated inopposite directions, so that theshutter blades are swung in the same direction by actuation of eitherring, thereby reducing friction between the blades.

Thus the blades can be moved through a cycle of opening and closingmovement through relative movements of the rings l8 and I9, each ofwhich may be operated independently of the other. Since the speed ofoperation of the shutmovements of the rings l8 and I9, it will beapparent that automatically timed shutter-operating-mechanism may beused to actuate the one ring'and independent operating mechanismemployed to operate the othef ring to obtain thereby shutter'operationof difierent durations.

Secured to the ring I9 is a pin 28 which projects forwardly throughelongated slots 29 and 30 in the ring l8 and the plate 14 respectively,as shown more clearly in Fig. 13. By means of this pin, the ring I9 maybe held .stationary while the shutter is being actuated by the outerring l8,or. the ring l9 may be oscillated thereby to effect operation ofthe shutter blades. The ring I 8 is provided with a pin 3| whichprojects forwardly through an elongated slot 32 in the plate l4, asshown more clearly in Fig. 13, by means of which the outer ring l8 maybe manipulated to cause shutter operation. The ring i8 is also provided5 with a pin 33 which projects forwardly through a slot in the plate 14,as shown more clearly in Figs. 9 and 14, for a purpose to be hereinafterdescribed.

In order to operate the ring I9 to open and close the shutter blades 11at a speed to obtain normal instantaneous exposures, I provide aspring-driven device having a crank arm 36 which cooperates with the'pin28, as shown more clear-g in Figs. 3, 14 and 15, and comprises a block35 which is rotatably supported on a stud or post 38, that is secured tothe disc or plate I4. One end of a flat spring 39 is anchored to thepost 38- and its other end is anchored to the block '35, as shown moreclearly in Figs. 16 and 1'1.

The spring 39 is under tension and normally tends to turn the block 35in a counter-clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 14. A lug 48 on theblock 35 abuts against a, stop ii secured to the plate l4, and serves tolimit rotative movement of the block 35 in one direction.

The crank arm 36 has its. one end pivotally connected to the block 35within a slot 42 therein, by means of a crank pin 31'. The other end ofthe crank arm 36 is provided with an enlarged head portion 43, whichembraces the pin 28 and is provided with an elongated slot 44 to permitsliding movement of the head portion 43 on the .pin 28 during movementof the block to latched position. A lateral recess opens into one end of35 the slot 44 and forms a shoulder or detent at 45. The spring 39normally holds the block 35 against the stop 4| with the crank arm 36 inthe position shown in full lines in Figs. 3 and 14, with the pin 28 atthe end of the slot 44, opposite the lateral recess, whereby the ring i9is securely held against rotative movement. When the block 35 is turnedto latched position, the crank arm will be moved over center and to itsbroken line position and when the lateral recess is again opposite thepin 28, the head 143 is swung radially outward by means of aposition,whereby the head 43 is moved laterally to force the detent 45 from itsposition behind the 28. The pin 48 also serves to maintain the slot 44in alignment with the pin 28, and during initial movement of the crankarm toward latching position, is engaged by the arm 36 until the lateralrecess of the head 43 has been moved past the pin 28.

The pin' 28 is normally yieldably heldagainst the one end of the wall ofthe slot 30 by means of a spring 49. During movement of the block 35 tolatched position, the spring 49 prevents displacement of the pin 28 asthe head portion 43 is moved relative to the pin, with the pin disposedwithin the slot portion 44.

A trigger 50 is pivoted to the plate l4 at H and is moved into latchingengagement with the abutment 40 by means of a spring 52 to hold theblock 35 in latched position. Just prior to the latching of the block 35by the trigger 50, the crank arm.

36 has been moved radially outwardly, so that the I. V

5 for receiving a cable release member 55.-

With the operating parts thus far described in latched position, theshutter may be actuated to obtain an instantaneous exposure. To actuatethe shutter, the plunger of the cable release 55 is depressed, wherebythe trigger 58 is turned in a counter-clockwise direction, therebyreleasing the abutment 40, the driving spring 39 causing the member 31to be rotated in a counter-clockwise direction and moving the crank arm36 from its dotted line position in Fig. 14 to its full line position.During such movement, the crank-arm 36 pushes the pin 28 and causes thering 9 to be turned first in a clockwise direction, whereby the shutterblades are moved to open position, and

0' as the crank pin 31 moves past dead center, the

arm 36 causes the ring |9 to be turned in the opposite direction,thereby effecting closing movement of the shutter blades. This openingand closing movement of the shutter is, of course,

5 effected rapidly, depending upon the tension of the driving spring 39,and obtains what may be termed instantaneous exposures. During operationof the shutter as just described, the ring l8, of course, is heldstationary in a manner to be 0 hereinafter described.

Associated with the driving mechanism is a timing mechanism operative toretard operation of the shutter and obtain automatically-timed periodsof shutter opening. This mechanism is 5 of a somewhat well-known form,and may include apivoted escapement 3 cooperating with an escapementwheel 51 which is driven through a gear train 58, which in turn isdriven by a segmental gear formed on one end of an arm 59,- 0 pivotallymounted on the plate ll as indicated at 60. The arm 59 is provided withan extension 6| cooperating with a bell crank 62-pivoted at 63 to theplate ll, one arm of the bell-crank 62 being engaged by a cam lobe 64formed on the member 5 35. Upon release of the shutter as heretoforedescribed, power from thespring 39 is transmitted through the bell crank62 to the lever 59, thereby driving the gear train 58.

The arm 59, if it is permitted to swing through 0 its entire range ofmovement, effects maximum retardation of the shutter before permittingit to move to closed position. For maximum speed of operation of theshutter, the lever 59 is held against rocking movement, whereby theescapement device is not actuated. In order to limit the range ofmovement of the'lever 59 to various amounts between its minimum andmaximum range, so that various degrees of retardation of the shutter canbe obtained, I provide an adjust- 0 ing cam 66, which cooperates with apin 61 car ried by the lever 59for .limiting the degree of movement ofthe lever 58 by the retraction spring 69. The cam 66 is secured to theunder side of an adjusting disc which is rotatably mounted 5 on a post1|, secured to the plate l4, the disc 10 being disposed exteriorly ofthe case It in position to permit convenient access thereto foradjustment. 5

The pin 61 is yieldably maintained in engage- 0 ment with the peripheryof the cam 66 by. the

spring 69, and it will be seen that by turning disc 10 in thedirectionindicated by the arrow in Fig. 2, the throw or range ofmovement of the lever 58 is affected.

5 Referring now to Figs. 3, l2 and 13, the mechanow be explained. .Thismechanism is adapted to be manually actuated and comprises a settinglever 13 which is pivoted to the plate H on a stud or post 14. It willbe recalled that the heretofore described pin 3| projects forwardlyof'the plate ll. The lever 13 is provided with a hook 15, which embracesthe pin 3| and normally maintains the ring l8 against rotative movement.Thus at all times during operation of the shutter to obtainautomatically timed or instantaneous exposures, as heretofore described,through reciprocation of the'ring IS, the ring I8 is held stationary bythe hook 15.

The setting lever 13 is formed with a cam portion 16, which, when thelever is turned in a counter-clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 12,is brought into camming engagement with the pin 3| and moves the pin 3|and the ring I 8 in a counterclockwise direction to cause openingmovement of the shutter blades. Before the cam portion 16 is moved intoengagement with the pin 3|, the hook is moved away from the pin, therebyreleasing it and permitting thesaid cam- -ming movement to be impartedthereto.

.A latch 11, pivoted .to the plate It at 18. moves into latchingengagement with the pin 3| at the completion of the camming movementthereof.

The latch 11 is provided with a nose portion 19 which bears against thepin 3|, the latch being yieldably urged toward latching position by aspring 88. The setting lever 13 is normally yieldably maintained withits hook 15in engagement with the pin 3| by a springfl l.

A release lever 82, pivoted to the plate H at 83, is arranged adjacentto the latch 11 in approximate parallelism therewith. The latch 11 isprovided with a lateral extension 84 which is arranged to engage therelease lever' 82 and move it outwardly when the latch moves intolatching engagement with the pin 3|. A light spring 85 normallyyieldably urges. the release lever into engagement with the extension,84. a I

The setting lever 13 carries a pin 86 which is moved in an arcuate pathwhen the lever is manipulated. Theforward or free end of the releaselever 82 is disposed adjacent to this arcuate path of movement of thepin '86. The lever 82 is provided at its free end on its under side witha depending triangularly-shaped block 81.

With the parts in the position shown in full lines in Fig. 12, therelease lever 82 is held in such position that when the setting lever 13is turned to effect latching of the pin 3| by the latch 11, the pin 86moves behind the block 81 to a position at the other side of the lever82. When the latch 11 moves into latching engagement with the pin'3l,the extension 84 thereof engages the lever 82 and swings it to itsdotted line position. During retractive movement of the setting leverunder the influence of the spring 8|, thepin 88 moves along the edge 88of the block 81. The lever 82 is thus moved by the latch 11 into suchposition that the pin 86 will engage the face 89 of the block 81 whenthe lever 13 is again moved in the direction indicated by the arrow,thereby forcing or camming the release lever 82-inwardly and moving thelatch 11 out of latching engagement with the pin 3|. The face 89 of thetriangular block 81 is formed with a stop lug 98, which limits movementof the setting lever 13 after the pin 3| has been released, so that thepin 3| will not be again moved through continued movement -of thesetting lever 13.

the shutter for as long a time duration as is de-' sired, whereupon thelever I3 is reactuated to effect closure of the shutter. In order topermit w bulb operation of the shutter, I provide another e; socket 93into which the cable release 55 may T f be inserted to efiect operationof a lever 99 which ispivotally mounted on the plate Id, at 95. Thelever 93 cooperates with a pin 96 carried by a cam 97, which is looselymounted on the stud Id. The lever I3 carries a pin 98 with which the pin96 cooperates in order to effect turning movement of the lever I3. Whenthe lever 95 is actuated by the cable release or other suitable device,the pin 96 engages the pin 98 and causes the setting lever I3 to beturned in a direction to cause the shutter to be opened, as heretoforedescribed. -During opening movement, however, the cam 91 engages thenose portion I9 of the latch TI,

' thereby prevening latching movement of the latch I'I. Thereupon, aftera predetermined'time interval, determined by the operator, the lever 99is released. Whereupon the spring BI returns the setting lever I3 andthe cam 91 to their normal .30 positions, the shutter being moved toclosed position by the spring 92.

It will be seen that during operation of the shutter to obtain time andbulbexposures by the operation of the shutter blades by'the ring I8,

35 that the other ring I9 is held stationary by the pin 28 and itsoperating arm 36. Likewise, when;

efiecting such time operation of the shutter, the

heretofore described pin or post 33 is moved into such position eachtime the'shutter is open as will prevent operation of the trigger 50.The trigger 50 is provided with a lug 9'9, and the stop 33 is moved intoposition adjacent the lug 99 whenever the shutter has been manuallyopened,

so that the trigger 50 cannot be actuated.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that the shutter may be operated byeither of the operating rings I8 or I9, by either of the operatingmechanisms'associated therewith, independently of the other. However, incase the manual shutter-operating mechanism is" being use and it isdesired to utilize the automatic shutter-operating mechanism it is onlynecessary to operate the lever 41 thereof. If for any reason the shutterhappens to be in open position when the operator 55 desires to effectautomatic operation of the shutter, I provide means for causing theshutter to be moved to close position during movement of the automaticmechanism to latched position. As

, best seen in Figs. '3 and 12, the latch TI is provided with a tripextension IOI which,'when the manual shutter-operating mechanism. is inlatched position holding the shutter open, is disposed, as shown bydotted lines, in the path of movement of the crank arm 36.

- 65 The head 43 of the crank arm 36 is provided with a nose portion I02which engages the trip extension when the block 35 is moved towardlatched .position; thereby causing the latch 11 to release the pin- 3|and permitting the shutter 7 to be closed by the spring 92. Also, if theoperator has moved the automatic mechanism into latched position and forsome reason desires to manually actuate the shutter, he merelymanipulates the lever 13 as heretofore described. So long 75 astheshutter is in open position, the trigger 50 plate I I I.

cannot be actuated to release the automatic shutter-operating mechani m.Thus, at no time is there any danger of exposing the sensitive ma-.terial at the wrong time, and also there is no possibility ofattempting an improper manipulation of the shutter, since it is at alltimes operative to obtain the desired type of shutter operation.

Referring now to Figs. 18 to 23, I show a modified form of structure,wherein provision is made for extremely rapid operation of the shutterblades, under instantaneous operation In this form of device, operatingrings II8 and H9 correspond to the rings I8 and I9 of the other form, inthat through oscillation thereof the shutter blades III are actuated. Inthis 5 instance each of the shutter blades III is pivotally connected tothe ring II9 by a pin or stud I22 that'is carried by the ring, andextends through the blade Each blade is connected to the ring II8through a link I23, which at one end is pivotally connected to the ringM9 by a rivet or stud I24. The other end of the link I23 carries a studI25 that extends through a hole in the heel of the blade. Thelinks I23overlie the outer sides of the blades, and the studs I25 ex- 25 tendinto arcuate slots I26 cut in the face of the ring I I9, so that whenthere is relative'movement of the rings and pivotal movement of theblades about the points I22, there will be no bindihg of the parts. Thelinks I23 are provided with slightly raised bosses or surfaces I21 whichserve as spacers to prevent the links I23 binding the blades withfrictional engagement. The sides of the blades are, therefore, supportedbetween adjacent surfaces of the links I23 and the ring H0, suchsurfaces supporting the heel of the blade against twisting and tearingwhen operating forces are exerted thereon by the pin I25, it beingunderstood that the blades are of extremely thin material.

- spring being connected to a tensioning lever I29.

A tension spring I30 connects the. ring II9 to the lever I29. The leverI29 is adjustable to vary the tension of the springs I28 and I30 to adesired degree, depending upon the desired rapidity of operation. Thisadjustment is efiected by means of a pawl I3I which is carried. by thelever, and a rack I32 formed on the case IIO.

The connections of the springs I28 and I30 to their respective rings areefi'ected through outstanding pins I33 and I34 respectively, that areengaged by an arm I35 which is formed on a tensioning ring or lever I36,when said lever is swung in a counter-clockwise direction; The pins I33and I34 extend through slots I31 and I38 respectively, that are formedin the base It .will be seen that upon swinging of the lever I36 in acounter-clockwise direction, the pins, and consequently the-rings H0 andH9, have rotative movement imparted thereto, simultaneas shown in Fig.18, the latch lever being yieldably maintained in operative position bya spring I4I. Simultaneously a pin I42 carried by the ring H9 is broughtinto latching engagement with a, trigger lever I43 that is biased towardlatching position by a spring I. During this movement of the lever I36,the rings are moved as a unit and,'therefore, there is no operation ofthe'shutter blades. When the lever I36 is released, it will be returnedto its initial position by a spring I45, so that its arm I35 will bemoved backw'ardly and not interfere with return movement of the rings.

The parts are now in position to efiect an instantaneous exposure. Upon.operation of the plunger of a cable release I46 in the usual manner,the trigger I43 will be rocked in a counterclockwise direction, thusreleasingv the ring 'I I9 which, under the action of its spring I30, is

snappedin a clockwise direction. During this shutter blades.

opening and closing movement just described is very rapid, since thering H8 is under closing tension and is released at the instant that theblades reach their open position. The rapidity of opening and closingmovement can be varied through changes in spring tension which are thismovement of the ring H8, the ring H9 is made by adiustmentof the armI29.

In order to efiect time or bulb operations of the shutter, the rings H8and H9 are placed under tension as above' described, namely throughswinging of the setting lever I36 in a counter-clockwise direction. Withthe rings thus tensioned, a hand lever I50 is turned in acounter-clockwise direction. The lever carries a cam surface II thatmoves into engagement with a stud I52 projecting outwardly from the ringII8.

"I'he ring III! is thus shifted in a counter-clock- I wise direction andheld in that position by a latch I53 into which the stud I52 is moved.During stationary and, thereiore,the shutter blades will be opened.While the ring H8 is thus being shifted to open the blades, a stud 'I54carried thereby will be moved into overlying position with the edge ofthe trigger I43, to serve as a stop for preventing actuation of saidlever by the cable release I46.

A pin I55 carried by the lever I50 will, when the lever I50 is beingswung to shutter-opening position, pass behind an arcuate shoulder onthe rear side of a release lever I56, and the lever I50 and therestopped.

can thereafter be actuated to depress the lever I55 and the latch I53,as in the case of the corresponding members 13, 82 and II of Fig. 3/

When the latch I53 is released by a second actuation of the lever I50,which disengages the stud I52, the ring II8 will be swung by its springI28 in a clockwise direction to close the shutter. During movement ofthe ring II8 to a set. open position, as above described, its stud I39will slide along thelatch lever I40. Upon release of the ring II8, asabove described, the stud I39 will be returned to the position shown inFig. 18

Bulb operation is effected through a lever I60 7 that engages a stud I6Ion a cam disc I62. The

cam disc engages a stud I63 on the 'lever I50 and rocks said lever toeffect shutter-opening movement of the ring H8, by causing said lever topush the stud I52 in a counter-clockwise direction. The cam I62 engagesthe end of the latch I53 and holds it away from the stud I52. Upon ,forswinging movements release of the lever I60, the spring I64 that urgesthe lever I50 in a clockwise direction will cause the lever and its studI63 to return the cam disc I62 to its initial position, thus releasingthe stud I52 and permitting the ring I I0 to be moved in shutter-closingdirection, under the tension of its spring I28. 1

While from the foregoing it will be seen that -I have disclosed anddescribed my invention as applied to a particular type of shutter, itwill be apparent that certain features thereof may be employed withshutters of other types.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a shutter for cameras, the combination with a shutter blade havinga normal closed position and an open position, of a pair of movableoperating members therefor, means pivotally connecting said blade toeach 01' said members for swinging movements in arcuate paths, throughmovement of either member, means associated with each of said memberswhereby either of said members can be operated independently ofoperation of the other member, to impart opening and closing movementsto said blade, and means for preventing shutter-operating movement ofone of said members while the other member is being operated.

2. In a shutter for cameras, the combination with a shutter blade havinga normal closed position and an open position, of a pair of movableoperating members therefor, means pivotally connecting said blade toeach of said members in arcuate paths, through movement of either'member, means associated with each of said members-whereby either ofsaid members can be operated independently of operation of the othermember, to

impart opening and closing movements to said blade, and a stop carriedby one of said members for movement into a position when said one memberis moved to open shutter position, to cooperate with the other memberand prevent shutter-operating movement thereof.

3. In a shutter for cameras, the combination witha shutter blade, of apair of cooperatin members supporting said blade for swinging movementin arcuate paths, through independent movement of either of saidmembers, means for yieldably maintaining said members normally in aclosed shutter position, means includ ng apower spring for actuating oneof said members to impart automatically timed opening and closingmovements to said blade, and manually operable means for actuating theother member to impart manually-controlled opening and 0105- ingmovements to said blade.

4. In a shutter for cameras, the combination with a shutter blade, of apair of operating members supporting said blade for swinging movement inarcuate paths, through independent movement of either of said members,means for yieldably maintaining said members normally in a closedshutter position, mee as including a power spring for actuating one ofsaid members to impart bers supporting said blade for swinging movementin arcuate paths, through independent movement of either of saidmembers, means for yieldably maintaining said members normally in aclosed shutter position, means including a power spring for actuatingone of said members to impart automatically timed opening and closingmovements to said blade, manually operable means for actuating the othermember to impart manually-controlled opening and closing movements tosaid blade, and means moved by the said other member into position forpreventing actuation of the said one member under the influence of saidspring when said blade is in open position.

6. In a shutter for cameras, the combination with a shutter casinghaving an aperture and a plurality of shutter blades arranged incooperative relation to close said aperture,-of a pair of ringsjournalled in the casing concentrically of the aperture, means pivotallyconnecting said blades to said pair of rings at radially oiiset points,for eifectingoutward swinging movement of said'blades to open positionrelative to the aperture, through rotative movement of either of saidrings, automatic mechanism comprising a crank device and a power spring,for -oscillating one of said rings to impart automatically timed openingand closing movements to said blades, and manually operable means foroscillating the other ring to impart opening and closing movements tosaid blades.

7. In a shutter for cameras, the combination with a shutter casinghaving an aperture and a plurality of shutterblades arranged incooperative relation to close said aperture, of a pair of ringsjournalled in the casing concentrically of the aperture, means pivotallyconnecting said blades to said pair of rings at radially offset points,for efiecting outward swinging movement of said blades to open positionrelative to the aperture, through rotative movement of either of saidrings, automatic mechanism associated with one of said rings to impartopening and closing'move'ments to said blades, and manual means foractuating the other ring to impart opening and closing movements to saidblades.

8. In a shutter'for cameras, the combination with a shutter blade, of apair of operating members supporting said blade for swinging movement inarcuate paths, through independent movement of either of said members,means for yieldably maintaining said members normally in a closedshutter position, means for moving one of said members to open shutterposition, a latch for holding said one member in said open shutteractuating the other member to impart automatically timed opening andclosing movement to said 7 blade, a manually movable member forinitially tensioning said spring, and means operable during tensioningof said spring for actuating said latch, to release said one member andpermit yieldably maintaining said members normallyin a closed shutterposition; manually operable means for moving one of said members to openshutter position,mechanism'including a power spring for actuating theother member to impart automatically timed opening and closing movementsto said blade, means for moving said mechanism into latchedposition'with said spring under tension, a trigger adapted to bemanually actuated for releasing said mechanism, and a stop on said onemember and movable therewith into position to prevent release movementof said trigger when the said blade is in open position.

10. In a shutter for cameras, the combination with a shutter blade, of apair of independentlyoperable members for actuating the blade, meansincluding apower spring for actuating one of said members to move theblade through a cycle of opening and closing movements, manuallyoperablemeans for actuating the other member to impart opening and closingmovements to the blade, and means moved by the said other member intoposition to prevent actuation of the said one member when the said bladeis in open position,

11. In a shutter for cameras, the combination with a shutter blade, of apair of independentlyoperable members for actuating the blade, springmeans for imparting shutter-closing movement to said members, meansincluding a power spring for actuating one of said members toimpartautomatically-timed opening and closing movements to the blade,manually operable means for actuating the other member to impart openingmovementto the blade, means for latching said other member, amanually-operable element for initially tensioning the power spring, andmeans operable through movement of said manuallyoperable element forreleasing the latch.

12. In a shutter for. cameras, the combination of a shutter blade havinga normally closed posirelative movement of said members, tensioningmeans for each of said members, means for simultaneously moving saidmembers to tensioned position, means for releasably retaining each ofsaid members in its tensioned position, means for releasing one of thesaid members for movement from its tensioned position, and means 'forautomatically releasing the other 'member from, its tensioned positionduring movement of the first-named member.

13. In a shutter for cameras, the combination of a shutter blade havinga normally cl'osed position and an open position, of a pair of movableoperating members therefor, means forpivotally connecting said blade toeach of said members for swinging movements in arcuate paths throughrelative movement of said members, tensioning means for each'of saidmembers, means for simultaneously moving said members to tensionedposition, means for releasing one of the said members for movement fromits tensioned position, means for automatically releasing the othermember from its tensioned position during movement of the first-namedmemben'and means for moving one of 'said members through an opening andclosing cycle independently of the other member.

" THOMAS McG.'Al KEN.

